Literature
in English Society
Before 1660
A Historical Survey
Brother Anthony, of Taizé
Part Two: The Renaissance 1485 - 1660
Sogang University Press
Seoul,
Korea
Contents
The
Early Tudor Period.................................................................. 1
Henry
VIII........................................................................ 3
Henry's
break with Rome........................................ 5
The
Dissolution of the Monasteries.......................... 6
Renaissance
Scotland......................................................... 7
England
after Henry VIII..................................................... 8
Humanism
in Northern Europe and England.......................... 9
Thomas
More...................................................... 11
Utopia................................................................ 12
Juan
Luis Vives.................................................... 22
Early
16th century lyric poetry........................................... 24
John
Skelton........................................................ 25
Sir
Thomas Wyatt................................................ 29
Henry
Howard, Earl of Surrey .............................. 35
English
Translations of the Bible......................................... 39
The
Church..................................................................... 43
John
Foxe: The Book of Martyrs............................ 46
The
Queen's Power.......................................................... 47
Mary
Queen of Scots ...................................................... 48
The
Netherlands and France.............................................. 49
Elizabeth
and International Politics...................................... 49
The
Death of Mary Queen of Scots .................................. 51
The
Spanish Armada......................................................... 51
The
last years of Elizabeth's reign....................................... 52
Early
Elizabethan Poetry................................................................ 55
Gascoigne,
Googe, and Turberville......................... 55
The
Mirror For Magistrates................................... 58
Edmund Spenser.............................................................. 61
The
Shepheardes Calendar.................................... 62
Italian
epic poetry................................................. 66
The
Faerie Queene............................................... 69
The Two
Cantos of Mutabilitie.............................. 74
Amoretti and Epithalamion.................................... 75
European Prose Fiction................................................................. 81
Sir Philip Sidney........................................................................... 85
The Old
Arcadia.................................................. 88
The Defence
of Poesy........................................... 90
Astrophel
and Stella............................................. 93
The New
Arcadia................................................. 99
Drama before Shakespeare.......................................................... 103
Early
Comedies and Tragedies.............................. 104
Gorboduc.......................................................... 106
Further
developments.......................................... 109
The
construction of the theaters........................... 110
The
companies of actors..................................... 111
The
University Wits............................................ 113
Christopher
Marlowe.......................................... 113
Thomas
Kyd...................................................... 123
William Shakespeare .................................................................. 131
A
chronology of Shakespeare's works.................. 135
Editions:
quartos and folios.................................. 141
Shakespeare's
sources......................................... 142
The
Sonnets....................................................... 145
Later Elizabethan Literature.......................................................... 149
Lyric
Poetry................................................................... 149
Longer
Elizabethan poems............................................... 163
Marlowe's
Hero and Leander............................... 163
Shakespeare's
longer poems................................. 166
Sir
John Davies.................................................. 170
Elizabethan
translations.................................................... 172
The Seventeenth Century ........................................................... 177
Social
History................................................................. 177
The
Stuarts.................................................................... 177
The
Civil War................................................................. 178
The
Commonwealth........................................................ 180
The
Restoration.............................................................. 181
Whigs
and Tories........................................................... 183
The
Glorious Revolution.................................................. 184
The
end of the court....................................................... 185
John Donne............................................................................... 189
Donne
the secular poet.................................................... 190
Donne's
Metaphysical style.............................................. 203
Donne
and the Church.................................................... 205
The
Holy Sonnets........................................................... 207
Other
religious poems..................................................... 209
Donne's
Prose................................................................ 209
Ben Jonson................................................................................ 213
Every
Man in His Humour............................................... 214
Prison
and after.............................................................. 216
Volpone......................................................................... 220
Epicoene....................................................................... 222
The
Alchemist................................................................ 222
The
Middle Years........................................................... 223
The
Later Years.............................................................. 232
Jacobean and
Caroline Drama..................................................... 235
The
social background.................................................... 235
Francis
Beaumont........................................................... 237
John
Fletcher................................................................. 237
Thomas
Middleton.......................................................... 239
Philip
Massinger............................................................. 241
Thomas
Heywood.......................................................... 241
Thomas
Dekker.............................................................. 242
John
Marston................................................................. 243
John
Webster................................................................. 244
John
Ford...................................................................... 245
James
Shirley................................................................. 246
Sir
William Davenant....................................................... 246
Anthony
Munday............................................................ 247
William
Rowley.............................................................. 247
Cyril
Tourneur............................................................... 248
Richard
Brome............................................................... 248
Thomas
Nabbes............................................................. 249
Thomas
Killigrew........................................................... 249
Restoration
drama........................................................... 249
Major
themes of Jacobean drama..................................... 251
17th Century Lyric Poetry........................................................... 253
Religious
poets............................................................. 254
George
Herbert................................................... 254
Richard
Crashaw................................................ 264
Henry
Vaughan................................................... 267
Thomas Traherne................................... 273
The
"Sons of Ben" and the "Cavalier Poets"....................... 274
Robert
Herrick................................................... 276
Thomas
Carew................................................... 279
Sir
John Suckling............................................... 282
Richard
Lovelace................................................ 283
Poets
of the Mid-century................................................. 285
Edmund
Waller................................................... 285
Sir
John Denham................................................ 290
Abraham
Cowley .............................................. 292
Andrew
Marvell.................................................. 295
John Milton................................................................................ 303
On
the Morning of Christ's Nativity.................................. 303
L'Allegro and Il Penseroso............................................... 307
Comus........................................................................... 310
Lycidas.......................................................................... 311
The Civil
War and the Commonwealth.............................. 313
Paradise
Lost................................................................. 316
Paradise
Regained and Samson
Agonistes......................... 325
Seventeenth Century Thinkers...................................................... 331
The
European background............................................... 331
Francis
Bacon................................................................ 337
Sir
Thomas Browne........................................................ 343
Thomas
Hobbes............................................................. 347
The
Cambridge Platonists................................................ 351
John
Locke.................................................................... 353
Sir
Isaac Newton............................................................ 354
Epilogue: From Romance to Novel................................................ 357
Index
Act of Uniformity
under
Elizabeth 44
Admiral's
Men, The 112
Aeneid
(Surrey's translation) 38
Alencon, duke of
woos
Elizabeth 50
Alleyn,
Edward 112
Amoretti
(Spenser's) 75
Anne
(Queen) 185
Anne of
Cleves 4
Arcadia (Sannazaro's) 82
Arcadia,
The New (Sidney) 99
Arcadia,
The Old (Sidney) 88
Ariosto,
Ludovico 66
Armada, The
Spanish 50
defeat of 51
Arraignment
of Paris, The (Peele) 113
Astrophel
and Stella 93
Authorized
Version (Bible) 40
Bacon,
Francis 337
Bandello, Matteo 82
Beaumont,
Francis 237
Behn, Mrs.
Aphra 360
Bembo,
Pietro 24
Bible
English
translations 39
English
versions of 39
King James
Version 40
Bishop's
Bible, The 40
Blank verse
first used
by Surrey 37
Boiardo 66
Boleyn,
Anne 4
Book of Common
Prayer
under
Elizabeth 44
Bosworth,
battle of 1
Brome,
Richard 248
Browne, Sir
Thomas 343
Bunyan,
John 359
Burbage,
James 112
Byrd,
William 149
Calvin,
Jean 7
Cambises
(Preston) 110
Cambridge
Platonists, The 351
Camden,
William 213
Campion,
Thomas 152
Canzoniere (Petrarch's)
influence
of 24
Carew,
Thomas 279
Cavalier
Poets 274
Cecil, Sir
William 49
Chapman, George
Translations
of Homer 174
Characters
(Theophrastus) 358
Charles I 177
executed 180
Charles II 181
Charles V
(Emperor) 3
Civil War,
The 178
Colet, John 9
Common
Prayer, Book of 8
Commonwealth,
The 180
Comus 310
Copernicus,
Nicolas 331
Coverdale 39
Coverdale,
Miles 39
Cowley,
Abraham 292
Cranmer, Thomas
(Archbishop)
execution
of 9
issues
Prayer Book 8
made
Archbishop 4
Crashaw,
Richard 264
Cromwell, Oliver
as Lord
Protector 181
in Scotland
and Ireland 181
leads new
army 179
Daniel,
Samuel 154
Davenant,
Sir William 246
Davies, Sir
John 170
Decameron
(Boccaccio's) 81
Defence of
Poesy, The 90
Defoe,
Daniel 360
Dekker,
Thomas 242
Deloney,
Thomas 357
Denham, Sir
John 290
Descartes,
Rene 335
Devereux, Robert
see: earl
of Essex 52
Diana
(Montemayor's) 83
Discordia
concors 204
Dissociation of
sensibility
Eliot's
theory of 204
Doctor
Faustus (Marlowe) 117
Don Quixote
(Cervantes) 83
Donne, John
life and
works 189
Metaphysical
style 203
secular
poems 194
Douai
Version (Bible) 40
Drake, Sir
Francis 50
Drama
Caroline 235
Jacobean 235
Drayton,
Michael 156
Dudley, Lord
Robert
see:
Leicester, Earl of 49
Ecatommiti, Gli
by Giraldi 82
Edward II
(Marlowe) 122
Edward VI
birth of 4
reign of 8
Elizabeth Tudor
(Queen)
becomes
queen 9
birth of 4
reign of 43
Elizabethan Poetry
later
lyrics 149
Elizabethan
Settlement 43
Epic
(Italian) 66
Epithalamion
(Spenser's) 75
Erasmus,
Desiderius 9
Essex, earl
of 52
Euphues
(Lyly) 113
European
Renaissance Fiction 81
Faerie
Queene, The 69
Ferrar,
Nicholas 256
Fletcher,
John 237
Ford, John 245
Foxe, John
Book of
Martyrs 46
Galileo
Galilei 334
Gammer
Gurton's Needle 104
Gargantua
(Rabelais) 84
Gascoigne,
George 55
as
dramatist 109
Geneva
Bible 40
Geneva
Bible, The 40
Gerusalemme
Liberata
outline of 68
Giraldi,
Giambattista 82
Globe Theatre
construction
of 133
Globe Theatre, The
construction
of 133
Glorious
Revolution, The 184
Golding, Arthur
Metamorphoses 172
Googe,
Barnabe 56
Gorboduc 106
Great
Bible, The 39
Great Fire
of London 182
Great
Plague, The 182
Greene,
Robert 132,
357
attacks
Shakespeare 132
Hakluyt,
Richard 359
Harvey,
William 346
Henry VII 2
Henry VIII 3
wives of 4
Henslowe,
Philip 111
Herbert of
Cherbury, Lord 255
Herbert,
Edward 342
Herbert,
George 254
Herrick,
Robert 276
Heywood,
Thomas 241
Hobbes,
Thomas 347
Hoby, Sir Thomas
Courtier,
The 172
Hooker,
Richard 45
Howard,
Catherine 4
Howard,
Henry (Earl of Surrey) 35
Huguenots 49
Humanism
in England 9
Jacobean drama
major
themes 251
James I 177
proclaimed
king 53
James II 184
Jew of
Malta, The (Marlowe) 122
Jocasta
(Gascoigne) 109
Johnson, Dr.
Samuel
Life of
Cowley 292
on the
metaphysical poets 203
Jonson, Ben
Alchemist,
THe 223
Bartholomew
Fair 224
Cynthia's
Revels 217
Epicoene;
or, The Silent Woman 222
Epigrams 224
Every Man
in His Humour 214
Every Man
Out of His Humour 216
Forest, The 227
life and
works 213
Pleasure
Reconciled to Virtue 230
Underwood 232
Volpone 220
Kempe, Will 132
Killigrew,
Thomas 249
King James
Bible, The 40
King's Men,
The 133
Knox, John 8
Kyd, Thomas
life and
works of 123
L'Allegro 307
Laud,
Archbishop William 178
Leicester,
Earl of 49
Leviathan,
The (Hobbes) 348
Little
Gidding 256
Locke, John 353
Long
Parliament, The 179
Lord
Chamberlain's Company, The 112
Lovelace,
Richard 283
Lucrece 168
Luther,
Martin 3
Lycidas 311
Lyly, John 113
Lyric poetry
16th
century English 24
17th
century 253
Marlowe,
Christopher
Hero and
Leander 163
life and
works of 113
Passionate
Shepherd, The 159
Marston,
John 243
Marvell,
Andrew 295
Mary Queen of
Scots
life of 48
Mary Queen of
Scots
death of 51
Mary Tudor (Queen)
birth of 3
reign of 8
Mary, Queen
of Scots 8
Massacre of
St Bartholomew 49
Massinger,
Philip 241
Meres, Francis
lists
Shakespeare's plays 132
writes
about Shakespeare 132
Metaphysical style
characteristics
of 203
Middleton,
Thomas 239
Milton,
John 303
blindness
of 315
Comus 310
Il
Penseroso 307
L'Allegro 307
Lycidas 311
Nativity
Ode 303
Paradise
Lost 316
Paradise
Regained 325
Samson
Agonistes 326
Mirror For
Magistrates, The 58
Monasteries,
Dissolution of 6
Montaigne,
Michel de 333
Montemayor,
Jorge de 83
More,
Thomas 11
Moseley,
Humphrey 275
Munday,
Anthony 247
Mutability
Cantos 74
Nabbes,
Thomas 249
Nash,
Thomas 358
Nativity
Ode, The 303
Netherlands
Origins of
war in 49
New
Arcadia, The 99
Newton, Sir
Isaac 354
Northumberland,
duke of
Protector 8
Norton,
Thomas 106
Novella (Italian)
in the
renaissance 81
Old Arcadia,
The 88
Old Wives
Tale (Peele) 113
Orlando
Furioso 66
outline of 67
Orlando
Innamorato 66
outline of 66
Oroonoko 360
Painter,
William 84
Pantagruel
(Rabelais) 84
Paradise
Lost 316
Paradise
Regained 325
Parr,
Catherine 4
Pascal,
Blaise 346
Peele,
George 113
Penseroso,
Il 307
Pettie,
George 84
Picaresque
novel (Spanish) 83
Pickering,
John 110
Pilgrim's
Progress, The 359
Pindaric
Odes 292
Plautus
influence
of 103
Population
growth in
Tudor England 1
Preston,
Thomas 110
Queen's
Men, The 112
Rabelais,
Francois 83
Ralegh, Sir
Walter 52
life and
works 160
Nymph's
Reply, The 159
Ralph
Roister Doister 104
Reformation
in England 5
Restoration
drama 249
Restoration,
The 181
Rheims
Version (Bible) 40
Robinson
Crusoe 360
Rose Theatre, The
construction
of 111
Rowley,
William 247
Royal
Society, The 351
Sackville,
Thomas 106
in the
Mirror for Magistrates 59
Samson
Agonistes 325
Sannazaro,
Iacopo 25
Sannazaro,
Jacopo 82
Scotland
Renaissance
and Reformation in 7
Seneca
influence
of 105
Seymour,
Jane 4
Shakespeare,
William
chronological
list of plays 135
Editions of 141
life and
works of 131
longer
poems 166
Lucrece 166
Phoenix and
Turtle 140
songs 150
Sonnets 145
use of
sources 142
Venus and
Adonis 166
Shepheardes
Calendar 62
Shirley,
James 246
Sidney, Sir
Philip 50,
85
Skelton,
John 25
Somerset, Lord
Protector 8
Sonnet form
introduced
into England 31
Sons of Ben 274
Spain
rise of 50
Spanish
Tragedy, The (Kyd) 123
Spenser,
Edmund 61
Strafford,
the earl of 178
Stuarts,
The 177
Suckling,
Sir John 282
Surrey
see Howard,
Henry 35
Tamburlaine
(Marlowe) 114
Tarlton,
Richard 112
Tasso,
Torquato 68
Taverner's
Bible 40
Terence
influence
of 103
Theatre, The
construction
of 110
Theophrastus 358
Tories 183
Tottel's
Miscellany 55
Tourneur,
Cyril 248
Translations
Elizabethan 172
Tudor
England 1
Turberville,
George 58
Tyndal 39
Tyndal,
William 39
Udall,
Nicholas 104
Unfortunate
Traveller, The 358
University
Wits, The 113
Utopia
(More's) 12
Vaughan,
Henry 267
Vega,
Garcilaso de la 82
Venus and
Adonis 166
Virgin Queen
Elizabeth
as 47
Vives, Juan
Luis 22
Waller,
Edmund 285
Walsingham,
Sir Francis 49
Walton, Isaak
Life of
Herbert 257
Webster,
John 244
Whigs 183
William and
Mary 185
Woodes,
Nathaniel 109
Wren, Sir Christopher 182
Wyatt, Sir
Thomas 29
Wyclif 39
Zwingli,
Ulrich 4